Method of forming a nozzle chamber incorporating an ink ejection paddle and nozzle chamber rim

ABSTRACT

A method of forming a printhead nozzle chamber includes steps of forming a first laminate of sacrificial layers on a substrate, the first laminate of sacrificial layers being formed as a ring on the substrate; hard-baking the first laminate of sacrificial layers to cause a shrinkage in the first laminate of sacrificial layers, the shrinkage further causing edges of the first laminate of sacrificial layers to angle inwards and form an approximate trapezoidal cross-section; depositing a TiN layer over the first laminate of sacrificial layer and the substrate, the TiN layer being inclined at portions deposited over the inwardly angled edges; etching the TiN layer to form a paddle and a nozzle chamber rim, the paddle incorporating an inner inclined portion and the nozzle chamber rim incorporating a complementary outer inclined portion, the paddle and nozzle rim defining an aperture therebetween; and removing the first laminate of sacrificial layers

CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12704465 filed Feb. 11, 2010 of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/923602 filed Oct. 24, 2007, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,669,979, which is a Continuation Application of U.S. Ser. No. 11/058,238 filed 16 Feb. 2005, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,287,839, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 10/637,679 filed Aug. 11, 2003, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,007,859, which is a Continuation Application of U.S. Ser. No. 10/204,211 filed Aug. 19, 2002, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,659,593, which is a 371 of PCT/AU00/00333 filed Apr. 18, 2000, all of which are herein incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), and specifically inkjet printheads formed using MEMS technology.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

MEMS devices are becoming increasingly popular and normally involve the creation of devices on the micron scale utilising semiconductor fabrication techniques. For a recent review on MEMS devices, reference is made to the article “The Broad Sweep of Integrated Micro Systems” by S. Tom Picraux and Paul J. McWhorter published December 1998 in IEEE Spectrum at pages 24 to 33.

MEMS manufacturing techniques are suitable for a wide range of devices, one class of which is inkjet printheads. One form of MEMS devices in popular use are inkjet printing devices in which ink is ejected from an ink ejection nozzle chamber. Many forms of inkjet devices are known.

Many different techniques on inkjet printing and associated devices have been invented. For a survey of the field, reference is made to an article by J Moore, “Non-Impact Printing: Introduction and Historical Perspective”, Output Hard Copy Devices, Editors R Dubeck and S Sherr, pages 207 to 220 (1988).

Recently, a new form of inkjet printing has been developed by the present applicant, which is referred to as Micro Electro Mechanical Inkjet (MEMJET) technology. In one form of the MEMJET technology, ink is ejected from an ink ejection nozzle chamber utilizing an electro mechanical actuator connected to a paddle or plunger which moves towards the ejection nozzle of the chamber for ejection of drops of ink from the ejection nozzle chamber.

The present invention concerns modifications to the structure of the paddle and/or the walls of the chamber to improve the efficiency of ejection of fluid from the chamber and subsequent refill.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a method of forming a nozzle chamber of a printhead, the method comprising the steps of: forming a first laminate of sacrificial layers on a substrate, the first laminate of sacrificial layers being formed as a ring on the substrate; hard-baking the first laminate of sacrificial layers to cause a shrinkage in the first laminate of sacrificial layers, the shrinkage further causing edges of the first laminate of sacrificial layers to angle inwards and form an approximate trapezoidal cross-section; depositing a TiN layer over the first laminate of sacrificial layer and the substrate, the TiN layer being inclined at portions deposited over the inwardly angled edges; etching the TiN layer to form a paddle and a nozzle chamber rim, the paddle incorporating an inner inclined portion and the nozzle chamber rim incorporating a complementary outer inclined portion, the paddle and nozzle rim defining an aperture therebetween; and removing the first laminate of sacrificial layers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Notwithstanding any other forms which may fall within the scope of the present invention, preferred forms of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates schematically a sectional view of a thermal bend actuator type ink injection device;

FIG. 2 illustrates a sectional view though a nozzle chamber of a first embodiment with the paddle in a quiescent state;

FIG. 3 illustrates the fluid flow in the nozzle chamber of the first embodiment during a forward stroke;

FIG. 4 illustrates the fluid flow in the nozzle chamber of the first embodiment during mid-term stroke;

FIG. 5 illustrates the manufacturing process in the construction of a first embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view through a second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a sectional plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 6; and

FIG. 8 illustrates the manufacturing process in construction of the second embodiment of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED AND OTHER EMBODIMENTS

In the preferred embodiment, a compact form of liquid ejection device is provided which utilises a thermal bend actuator to eject ink from a nozzle chamber.

As shown in FIG. 1, there is provided an ink ejection arrangement 1 which comprises a nozzle chamber 2 which is normally filled with ink so as to form a meniscus 10 around an ink ejection nozzle 11 having a raised rim. The ink within the nozzle chamber 2 is resupplied by means of ink supply channel 3.

The ink is ejected from a nozzle chamber 2 by means of a thermal actuator 7 which is rigidly interconnected to a nozzle paddle 5. The thermal actuator 7 comprises two arms 8, 9 with the bottom arm 9 being interconnected to an electrical current source so as to provide conductive heating of the bottom arm 9. When it is desired to eject a drop from the nozzle chamber 2, the bottom arm 9 is heated so as to cause rapid expansion of this arm 9 relative to the top arm 8. The rapid expansion in turn causes a rapid upward movement of the paddle 5 within the nozzle chamber 2. This initial movement causes a substantial increase in pressure within the nozzle chamber 2 which in turn causes ink to flow out of the nozzle 11 causing the meniscus 10 to bulge. Subsequently, the current to the heater 9 is turned off so as to cause the paddle 5 to begin to return to its original position. This results in a substantial decrease in the pressure within the nozzle chamber 2. The forward momentum of the ink outside the nozzle rim 11 results in a necking and breaking of the meniscus so as to form a meniscus and a droplet of ink 18 (see FIG. 4). The droplet 18 continues forward onto the ink print medium as the paddle returns toward its rest state. The meniscus then returns to the position shown in FIG. 1, drawing ink past the paddle 5 in to the chamber 2. The wall of the chamber 2 forms an aperture in which the paddle 5 sits with a small gap there between.

FIG. 2 illustrates a sectional view through the nozzle chamber 2 of a first embodiment of the invention when in an idle state. The nozzle chamber paddle 5 includes an upturned edge surface 12 which cooperates with the nozzle paddle rim edge 13. There is an aperture 16 between the paddle 5 and the rim 13. Initially, when it is desired to eject a drop of ink, the actuator (not shown) is activated so as to cause the paddle 5 to move rapidly in an upward (or forward) direction, indicated by arrow A in FIG. 3. As a result, the pressure within the nozzle chamber 2 substantially increases and ink begins to flow out of the nozzle chamber, as illustrated in FIG. 3, with the meniscus 10 rapid bulging. The movement of the paddle 5 and increased pressure also cause fluid to flow from the centre of the paddle 5 outwards toward the paddle's peripheral edge as indicated by arrows 15. The fluid flow across the paddle is diverted by the upturned edge portion 12 so as to tend to flow over the aperture 16 between the paddle 5 and the wall 13 rather than through the aperture. There is still a leakage flow through the aperture 16, but this is reduced compared to devices in which one or both of the paddle 5 and wall 13 are planar. The profiling of the edges 12 and 13 thus results in a substantial reduction in the amount of fluid flowing around the surface of the paddle upon upward movement. Higher pressure is achieved in the nozzle chamber 2 for a given paddle deflection, resulting in greater efficiency of the nozzle. A greater volume of ink may be ejected for the same paddle stroke or a reduced paddle stroke (and actuator power consumption) may be used to eject the same volume of ink, compared to a planar paddle device.

Whilst the peripheral portion 13 of the chamber wall defining the inlet port is also angled upwards, it will be appreciated that this is not essential.

Subsequently, the thermal actuator is deactivated and the nozzle paddle rapidly starts returning to its rest position as illustrated in FIG. 4. This results in a general reduction in the pressure within the nozzle chamber 2 which in turn results in a general necking and breaking of a drop 18. The meniscus 10 is drawn into the chamber 2 and then returns to the position shown in FIG. 2, resulting in ink being drawn into the chamber, as indicated by arrows 19 in FIG. 4.

The profiling of the lower surfaces of the edge regions 12, 13 also assists in channelling fluid flow into the top portion of the nozzle chamber compared to simple planar surfaces.

The rapid refill of the nozzle chamber in turn allows for higher speed operation.

Process of Manufacture

The arrangement in FIG. 5 illustrates one-half of a nozzle chamber, which is symmetrical around axis 22. The manufacturing process can proceed as follows:

-   -   1. The starting substrate is a CMOS wafer 20 which includes CMOS         circuitry 21 formed thereon in accordance with the required         electrical drive and data storage requirements for driving a         thermal bend actuator 5.     -   2. The next step is to deposit a 2 micron layer of         photoimageable polyimide 24. The layer 24 forms a first         sacrificial layer which is deposited by means of spinning on a         polyimide layer; soft-baking the layer, and exposing and         developing the layer through a suitable mask. A subsequent         hard-bake of the layer 24 shrinks it to 1 micron in height.     -   3. A second polyimide sacrificial layer is photoimaged utilizing         the method of step 2 so as to provide for a second sacrificial         layer 26. The shrinkage of the layer 26 causes its edges to be         angled inwards.     -   4. Subsequently, a third sacrificial layer 27 is deposited and         imaged again in accordance with the process previously outlined         in respect of step 2. This layer forms a third sacrificial layer         27. Again the edges of layer 27 are angled inwards. It will be         appreciated that the single layer 26 may be sufficient by itself         and that layer 27 need not be deposited.     -   5. The paddle 28 and bicuspid edges, e.g. 29, 30 are then         formed, preferably from titanium nitride, through the deposit of         a 0.25 micron TiN layer. This TiN layer is deposited and etched         through an appropriate mask.     -   6. Subsequently, a fourth sacrificial layer 32 is formed, which         can comprise 6 microns of resist, the resist being suitably         patterned.     -   7. A 1 micron layer of dielectric material 33 is then deposited         at a temperature less than the decomposition temperature of         resist layer 32.     -   8. Subsequently, a fifth resist layer 34 is also formed and         patterned.     -   9. A 0.1 micron layer of dielectric material, not shown, is then         deposited.     -   10. The dielectric material is then etched anisotropically to a         depth of 0.2 microns.     -   11. A nozzle guard, not shown, if required, is then attached to         the wafer structure.     -   12. Subsequently the wafer is prepared for dicing and packaging         by mounting the wafer on an UV tape.     -   13. The wafer is then back etched from the back surface of the         wafer utilizing a deep silicon etching process so as to provide         for the ink channel supply while simultaneously separating the         printhead wafer into individual printhead segments.

Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7 there is shown a second embodiment having similar components to those of the first embodiment, and so the same numbers are used as for the first embodiment.

In the FIGS. 6 and 7 embodiment the paddle is formed with a series of truncated pyramidal protrusions 40 in the central portion of the paddle. These protrusions 40 aid in reducing fluid flow outward from the centre of the paddle 5 as the paddle moves upward. Whilst the FIGS. 6 and 7 embodiment is provided with a series of discrete truncated pyramidal protrusions, a series of ridges may be provided instead. Such ridges may be paralleling, concentric or intersecting. The ridges may be elliptical, circular, arcuate or any other shape.

FIG. 8 illustrates the manufacturing process of the embodiment of FIGS. 6 and 7. The process is the same as that described with reference to FIG. 5 except that at steps 3 and 4, the sacrificial layers 26 and 27 are also deposited to be underneath the as yet unformed central portion of the paddle layer 28, as indicated by the numerals 26B and 27A.

It would be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the present invention as shown in the specific embodiment without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as broadly described. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive. 

1. A method of forming a nozzle chamber of a printhead, the method comprising the steps of: forming a first laminate of sacrificial layers on a substrate, the first laminate of sacrificial layers being formed as a ring on the substrate; hard-baking the first laminate of sacrificial layers to cause a shrinkage in the first laminate of sacrificial layers, the shrinkage further causing edges of the first laminate of sacrificial layers to angle inwards and form an approximate trapezoidal cross-section; depositing a TiN layer over the first laminate of sacrificial layer and the substrate, the TiN layer being inclined at portions deposited over the inwardly angled edges; etching the TiN layer to form a paddle and a nozzle chamber rim, the paddle incorporating an inner inclined portion and the nozzle chamber rim incorporating a complementary outer inclined portion, the paddle and nozzle rim defining an aperture therebetween; and removing the first laminate of sacrificial layers.
 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of forming one or more second laminates of sacrificial layers within the ring of the first laminate of sacrificial layers.
 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the one or more second laminates of sacrificial layers are photoimaged to cause edges thereof to angle inwards and form an approximate trapezoidal cross-section, and the TiN layer is deposited over the one or more second laminates of sacrificial layers, thereby forming truncated pyramidal protrusions on the paddle.
 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the one or more second laminates of sacrificial layers are formed proximal a centre of the ring of the first laminate of sacrificial layers.
 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more second laminates of sacrificial layers are formed as one or more concentric rings within and concentric with the ring of the first laminate of sacrificial layers. 